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Smart phones, LCD TVS, computers, cars and other products have applied many cutting-edge advanced technologies, and ceramics are also indispensable. For example, there are hundreds or thousands of ceramic capacitors, a tiny electronic component used in a smartphone. But this kind of ceramics is not the common "ceramic tile" and "porcelain bowl" in people's life, they are the advanced ceramics produced with high precision technology.
So, what is the advanced ceramics? What are the characteristics and applications?
The difference between advanced ceramics and traditional ceramics
Ceramic products are divided into two categories of ordinary ceramics and advanced ceramics, one of the advanced ceramics, also known as new ceramics, special ceramics, fine ceramics, high technology, etc., it refers to the high purity, ultrafine artificial synthesis or selected inorganic compounds as raw material, with accurate chemical composition, precision manufacturing technology and structure design, and has excellent mechanics, sound, light, heat, electricity, biological characteristics, in aerospace, ceramics, electronic information, biomedicine, high-end equipment manufacturing and other high-end technology can be seen everywhere.
The main differences are as follows:
Classification and application of advanced ceramics
Advanced ceramics are divided into structural ceramics and functional ceramics. Structural ceramics refers to the ceramics that can be used as engineering structural materials, with the characteristics of high strength, high hardness, high elastic modulus, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, heat and shock resistance and so on. Functional ceramics are a kind of ceramics with electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal, chemical, and biological characteristics, and have the function of interconversion. Functional ceramics account for about 70% of the market share in advanced ceramics, and the rest are structural ceramics.
Advanced ceramic parts are applied as follows:
1.Electronic products
With the rapid development of information industry and electronic consumption industry, industrial electronic products and consumer electronic products will maintain a rapid development trend, and the demand for electronic ceramics is huge. It is expected that the global demand for electronic ceramics will exceed 40 billion US dollars by 2020. Electronic ceramics are the most mature technical products among the advanced ceramics, accounting for 65% of the advanced ceramics market share. Mainly used for chips, capacitors, integrated circuit packaging, sensors, insulators, ferromagnets, piezoelectric ceramics, semiconductors, superconductors and so on. The main materials are barium titanate, zinc oxide, lead titanium zirconate, lithium niobate, aluminum nitride, zirconia dioxide and alumina, etc.
2. Biological ceramics
Bioceramics refer to the ceramic materials that directly act on or are related to human body. Broadly speaking, all ceramic materials that belong to biological engineering are collectively known as bio-ceramics. As a biocerceramic material should have the following functions: replace the sick or damaged part of the human body, as a substitute of the congenital defect part, contribute to the recovery of the human body tissue.
At present, biomedical materials have become a hot spot for scientists' research and development in various countries. 70% -80% of domestic biomedical materials and products are dependent on imports and basically imitation. The global market share of biomedical materials in China only accounts for 2%, and the product technology level is mostly in the primary stage. With the aging of the social population, by 2020, China will need 800,000 sets of artificial joints / year, 1.6 million vascular stents / year, intraocular lenses / year, and the demand for biocerceramic materials will increase substantially.
In addition to measurement, diagnosis and treatment, bioceramics are mainly used as substitutes for biological hard tissue, which can be used in orthopedics, plastic surgery, oral surgery, cardiovascular surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology and general surgery and other aspects.
3. Nanoceramics
In recent years, nano-ceramics has attracted much attention. When the selected raw materials and the postformed grains reach the scale of nanometer, it will bring mutations to the preparation science, ceramics, ceramic technology and the final material properties of ceramic materials, so as to open up a wider use of ceramic materials.
At present, there are three kinds of nanoceramic preparation methods: physical preparation method, gas phase method and wet chemistry method. The nano-ceramic powder prepared are: Al ₂ O ₃, ZrO ₂, SiO ₂, Si ₂ N, SiC, BaTiO₃, TiO ₂, etc. The development of nano-ceramics has led to the development of some new rapid sintering equipment, such as vacuum sintering process, microwave sintering process and plasma sintering technology (SPS).
4. Low-expansion ceramics
The material with the absolute value of the thermal expansion coefficient less than 210 ⁶ / ℃ is called low expansion material, and the material with the expansion coefficient close to zero is ultra-low expansion material. Low-expansion ceramics, especially zero-expansion ceramics or negative expansion ceramics, can be used as the main engine components, aviation material blades, stove gaskets, circuit substrate, astronomical mirror blank and radome, high temperature observation window, precision metering and other devices, carriers and filters, nuclear waste immobilization, sealing materials and other high-tech materials.
5. Advanced ceramics used in energy conservation, environmental protection and new energy fields
With the rapid economic development, the rapid increase of energy demand, and the huge amount of industrial and domestic waste production, energy conservation and environmental protection have become a major issue of increasing concern to the international community. In the case of energy shortage and environmental deterioration increasingly serious, advanced, high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection technology of energy saving regenerative thermal waste incinerator (RT0) and smelting industry energy saving heat storage chamber with honeycomb ceramics, thermal gas purification and water treatment with ceramic film and equipment, uhv ac transmission technology and equipment with a series of ultra / uhv suspension porcelain insulator, heat storage and heat exchange with silicon carbide ceramic components, photovoltaic industry with series of ceramic products will get a rare development opportunity.
6. Aerospace ceramics
The application mainly involves bulletproof armored ceramics for helicopters, aircraft brake disc materials, ceramic diaphragm materials for satellite batteries, infrared stealth (camouflage) coatings, ceramic bearings, ceramic radome materials for missiles, etc. At present, the application research in aerospace mainly focuses on the heat resistant materials of rocket nozzle, heat insulation tiles of spacecraft, composite engineering ceramic materials and observation window coating of spacecraft, etc., especially on the research and development of ceramic fiber with light heat resistance, corrosion resistance and high melting point and high strength.
Domestic related industrial policy support
In 2014, the national integrated circuit industry development propulsion outline about the printing of 2014-2016 new display industry innovation development action plan notice policy, vigorously promote the integrated circuit manufacturing enterprises and display panel enterprise independent development, and guide the upstream and downstream industry chain enterprises to strengthen cooperation, comprehensively improve the level of supply chain localization.
"Much starker choices-and graver consequences-in" period, advanced ceramics as an important part of new materials, has entered the strategic emerging industries key products and services guidance directory "industrial" four base "development directory" industry key generic technology development guide " the strategic emerging industry classification, the catalogue of industrial structure adjustment guidance, become an important part of the national emerging industry development planning. Advanced ceramics and other new materials have provided the basic support capacity for China's development and expansion of strategic emerging industries such as new-generation information technology, high-end equipment, new materials, biology, new energy vehicles, new energy, energy conservation and environmental protection, digital creativity and so on.
During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China continued to promote the development of advanced ceramics and other new materials industrial technology to the international leading level. The Outline of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and 2035 Vision proposes that by 2025, the overall technology and application of key new materials will be synchronized with the international level; the proportion of middle and high-end products will be greatly increased; the level and independent support capability of key materials are significantly improved, and the problem of key short board materials will be effectively alleviated. Advanced ceramics will be regarded as one of the national strategic planning in the future, will continue to receive strong policy support, and accelerate breakthroughs in key technology fields, and help the development of a types of strategic emerging industries in China.
This article is reprinted from IACECHINA.
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